13rd International Symposium on Structures, Geotechnics and Construction Materials

4th Colloquium of road engineering and transport works

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Good practices for executing earth moving in places with unstable fundations soils.

Abstract

The earth movements are fundamental for the execution of roads, highways, railroads, platforms to seat hotels, urbanizations, social and industrial works and other similar ones; in occasions it is unavoidable to execute them in muddy areas with presence of weak foundation floors, requiring the employment of appropriate techniques, but for ignorance or technological indiscipline they are used technical constructive uneconomical, they are not used and they place selected floors correctly, an effective compactions is not attacked and he/she doesn't have a good drainage system, originating inadmissible establishments that reduce the useful life of such works significantly, being increased the unjustified expenses when having to carry out expensive repairs and reconstructions. To contribute to solve such a situation, in this report they intend a series of good practical constructive based on Cuban and international experiences that allow to characterize this areas, to characterize the existent floors in the same ones, to specify the suitable techniques to use (if he/she moves or the weak floor is dug or they improve its properties), so that the earth structure supports on the firm floor, being resistant and stable before the loads and the actions of the elements, increasing its useful life and the necessary constructive effectiveness.

Resumen

Los movimientos de tierra son fundamentales para la ejecución de caminos, carreteras, vías férreas, plataformas para asentar hoteles, urbanizaciones, obras sociales e industriales y otras similares; en ocasiones es ineludible ejecutarlos en zonas cenagosas con presencia de suelos de cimentación débiles, requiriendo el empleo de técnicas adecuadas, pero por desconocimiento o indisciplina tecnológica se usan técnicas constructivas antieconómicas, no se utilizan y colocan correctamente suelos seleccionados, no se acomete una eficaz compactación y no se dispone de un buen sistema de drenaje, originándose asentamientos inadmisibles, que reducen significativamente la vida útil de tales obras, incrementándose los gastos injustificados al tener que realizar costosas reparaciones y reconstrucciones. Para contribuir a solucionar tal situación, en esta ponencia se proponen una serie de buenas prácticas constructivas basadas en experiencias cubanas e internacionales, que permiten caracterizar dichas zonas, caracterizar los suelos existentes en las mismas, especificar las técnicas idóneas a emplear (si se desplaza o se excava el suelo débil o se mejoran sus propiedades), para que la estructura de tierra apoye sobre el suelo firme, siendo resistente y estable ante las cargas y las acciones del intemperismo, aumentando su vida útil y la necesaria eficacia constructiva.